Turbine engine, particularly steam or gas turbine



April 23, 1929; J. Z'AGORSKI "1,710,561

TURBINE ENGINE, PARTICULARLY STEAM 0R GAS TURBINE Filed Deo.28. 1926 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. ZAGORSKI April 23, 1929.

TURBINE ENGINE, PARTICULARLY STEAM 0R GAS TURBINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 v Filed Dec. 28. 1926 April 23, 1929. J. ZAGORSKI 1 Y TURBINE ENGINE, PARTICULARLY STEAM OR GAS TURBINE Filed Dec. 28. 1926 4 sheets-sheet 5 April 23, 1929. J. ZAGORSKI 1,710,561

TURBINE ENGINE, PARTICULARLY STEAM OR GAS TURBINE Filed Dec 28. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 avoiding a spread exhaust stream.

Patented Apr. 23, 1929. v I

'UNITED' ST J'OHANN ZAGOI RSKI, OF FRANKFOBT-ON-THIEl-MAIN, GERMANY.

"TURBINE ENGINE,'PABTICULARLY STEAM 03 GAS TURBINE.

Application filed December 28, 1926, Serial The delivery of the working medium from the blades in a compact stream isof great importance for steamand gas turbines with blades axially acted upon, particularly with regard to the use of high pressures an several rotating wheels acted upon in series. It is of similar importanc'eto completely fill the space between the blades by the steam. or gas stream, as only inthis case it is possible to attain a" precise impulse or reaction effect.

The known blades with tangential admission have the advantage as compared with axial blades,.that the stream is better used and the axial thrustis avoided. These blades must be cut 'in a very expensive way for Adding of several pressure or velocity stages becomestherefore impossible.

The invention relates to a turbine engine having tangential admission and an axial exhaust in a compact stream. In the construction of the blades I gain the advantages of tangential admission which is effective in addition to the possibility of adding further pressure or velocity stages, and which can be fed by the compact stream with good efficiency. The turbine thus constructed is simple and effective.

The invention provides in the moving wheel a form of blades by which tangentially admitted steam is exhausted in a compact stream, andwhiCh are of the type known for axial turbines and are formed each with a tangential admission part, leading to astraight lined exhaust edge. Thereby the steam admission becomes as free of losses as in the Telton turbine, and at the same time a compact exhaust stream at the moving blades is obtained, so that several'moving blades can be arranged one after another.

Further details of the invention are of importance as described below.

Thedra wing shows the invention by way of several examplesand diagramsp Fig. 1 shows the curvature of a tangential admission moving blade with 'the thickness of the stream and the exhaust diagram.

Figs. 2, 3a-nd.4.- are views and a see ablade of a first example.

Figs. 5, 6 and? are a radial view, a cross section an-dan axialview of a wheel with a blade according to the invention.

Figs. 8 and 9 .show a similar but double blade.

Figs. 10 and ,11 show a simplified blade with always equal radii of curvature,

tion of d of No. 157,557, and in Germany June 20, 1921.

Figs. 12 and 13 show a similar but double blade. v Figs. 14 and 15 are a partial longitudinal section and a diagram of a blade with velocity and pressure stages.

Figs. 16 and 17 are a cross section and a View of a'blade of a moving wheel with pressure stages and exactly axial steam passage after a previous tangential admission Fig. 18 is a blade according to Fig. double steam exhaust to both sides.

Fig. 19 is adiagrammatic view of a nozzle with a part of the moving wheel.

According to Fig. 1, a stream of. a thickness S is admitted at point 2 with a "elocity 0., vertically to the plane 1- 1. into the 16 with blade and the stream is guided by the curva- I ture with a radius 7'. The stream is exhausted at point 3 with an angle B and with a relative exhausting velocity w In consequence of the completely tangential coincidence between the stream and "the curvature of the blade at point 2 there is no admission angle and therefore no admission loss. The exhaust angle ,8 can be made very small in consequence of the admissible largepitch of-the blades, without making the exhaust area too small. The-relative exhaust velocity 'w. combined with the circumferential velocity a result in avery small absolute exhausting velocity 0,. y The bladeaecording to Figs. 2 and 4 allows this streaming of the steam by providing at each cross section of the blade the necessary areas. The admission edge runs from its lowest point 2 to the highest point 4 as an inclined straight line 5, the centres of the blade curvatures being consecutivelyshifted in the respective planes from point 6' to point 7. The radii of curvature simultaneously diminish in direction to the top part of the blade, so that a radial exhaust edge results. The points 6 and 7 are not only shifted according to the axial way 7), but also 'a ccor ,that the tops of the curvatures of all cross sections lie in the common straight line E. The admission edge 5 is inclined with such an axial projection that this projection is equal to the stream thickness S, as shown in ing without whirls is attained at all points.-

ding to 'a tangential way a, so

projections, '9, which are used according to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 for fixinga steel band running around the blades. This band projects only to the point 4 of the admission edge 5, so that between the band and the moving wheel 11 s'uflicient space remains for the thickness of the steam stream. Eventually a small space can be rovided between the surfaces of the steel: and 10 and the turbine wheel 11 respectively and the outer surface of the steam stream. On one side of each blade, which is fixed in the projecting rim 11 of the Wheel, a joining border 12 is provided, which produces a joint of great strength and safety.

According to Figs. 8 and 9 a" double blade is provided with steam exhaust on both sides so that a steam stream of the thickness 2 is correctly cut and guided by the double wedge part 13. In all other respects this blade is similarly arranged as previously described.

According to Figs. 10 and 11 the guiding surface of the blades is formed in all sections as a cylindrical surface and the ad-- mission edge 5 is produced by cutting of the blade so as to form a sloping steam ad mission edge. If the guiding surfaces are of the'shape of a round or elliptical cylinder, the. admission edge has the form of an inclined elliptically shaped curve, the steam admission being of the same good efficiency.

A certain loss occurs only asthe admission edge in dlrectlon to point 4 shows an increasing difference between the admission surface 1; and the direction of the steam stream, so that acertain small admission shock loss results,

. buttheadvantage of this construction of the blades in that such blades can be very sim-' ply manufactured. p

According to Figs. 12 and 13 a similar blade is provided with double blades for steam exhaust on both sides of the moving wheel, all other features being the same.

Fig. 14 shows aturbine with several stages. The moving wheel of the first stage is of the above described kind, but the bottom surface 8 of the blades is made straight. A station ary. guiding channel 14 subsequent to the exhaust edge of the blade contains in its first part a converting blading 15 (separately shown'in Fig. 15). The free part of the channel behind this bladeallows of distributing the steam stream over a larger sector of the circumference of the turbine. At the end of the channel 14 the steam enters through nozzles 16 into a second moving wheel, which is similar to the first, but the steam is ad- .mitted on a larger part'of the circumference in consequence of the distribution in the channel 14. The nozzles and the blades can be so constructed as to give velocity stages. With greater advantage the cross areas of the provided to give pressure stages such that in the nozzles 16 a exhaust from both'sides.

further expansion takes place, beginning from an intermediate pressure in the channel 14. A third wheel 18, 19 is connected to the second wheel by means of a further guiding apparatus 17, in which a further expansion takes place. In; this third wheel the steam is admitted into the'blade 18 only axially.

The inclined position of the channel 14 allows not only a guiding of the steam from the first wheelinto a second wheel of equal dimensions, but the spirallike shape. of the moving wheel'twoseries of'blades are pro} vided, the first of which is made according to the invention. The bottom faces of these blades are conical so as to enlarge the steam stream in the direction to the exhaust edge and also attain a reaction effect inside the blades. A subsequent guiding blade 15 is widened in like manner in direction to the exhaust, so that a good expansion effect and enlargingof the steam stream. is produced. The second moving blade 20 is provided with' a merely axial admission and a widening on the bottom and top surfaces.

Fig. 18-shows a similar arrangement, .but with a double sided rim and resulting steam The straightpassage of the steam according to Figs. 15, 16 and 18 is especially free of whirls, and the tangential admission in the first stage avoids the admission losses, While inv the further stages these losses :are of no importance.

Fig. 19 shows how a nozzle 21 is ad'usted at,

an angle a oppositely to the moving lades of the wheel, so that by .the steam stream each blade, which is arranged at a very large pitch,

is completely filled by steam when passing along the long inclined e'dge Zof the. nozzle.

The dotted lines of Fig. 19 show how by means of a slight incline at an angle -yto the radial position the blade A correct guiding and an absolutely axial exhaust of the steam is thereby secured.

axis is bigought into a precise right angle position (angle 12 90) With 1 respect tothe middle line of the steam stream.

2. A turbine particularly for steam or gas,

comprising in combination a rotary part,

means for tangentially admitting a stream of a Working medium to said rotary part, and essentially radial blades fastened to said rotary part, each blade having an admission edge inclined against the radius in axial direction, and a curvature which begins in tangential direction on said admission edge and leads to an essentially radial and straight exhaust edge adapted to exhaust the Working medium axially in a compact stream, the radii of curvature of'the blade being diminished from foot to top according to the distance between said inclined admission edges and said exhaust edge.

3. A turbine comprising the parts enumerated in claim 2, wherein said. admission edge is at once so inclined in circun'lierential direction, that the heads of said curvatures lie on astraight and essentially radial line.

4. Aturbine particularly for steam or gas, comprising in combination a rotary part,

means for tangentially admitting a stream of a working medium to said rotary part, and essentially radial blades fastened to said rotary part, each blade having an admission edge inclined against the radius in axial direction, and curvatures beginning in tangential direction on said admission edge and leading to an essentially radial and straight exhaust edge, adapted to exhaust the working medium axially in acompact stream, the radii of said curvatures being enlarged from the blade top to the blade foot in a ratio corresponding to the fiuid quantities successively taken up by the corresponding parts of the admission edge.

5. A turbine particularly for steam or gas, comprising in combination a rotary part,

means for tangentially admitting a stream of.

a working medium to said rotary part, and essentially radial blades fastened to said rotary part each blade having a curvature which begins in tangential direction on its admission-edge and leads to an essentially radial and straight exhaust edge adapted to exhaust the working medium axially in a compact stream, and a circumferential band applied to tldile blade heads laterally from said admission e ge.

In 'witness whereof I aflix my signature.

J OHANN ZAGORSKI. 

